Note: As I am answering from my personal experience, this primarily addresses the types of toilets I see day to day, which are Australian toilets. There are some differences around the world, your experiences and the type of toilet technology may differ in your region.
Half-flush
Some toilets have a 'dual-flush' button, allowing you to control the amount of water used for flushing (half or full flush):
If there's any leftover waste after a normal flush, attempt a half-flush to finish removing the waste.
Even if there's not a half-flush button, you can re-flush the toilet as it's filling the tank, to try and remove more of the waste without doing a full flush.
If your toilet doesn't have a dual-flush option, then using a bucket of water is a viable alternative as @Tms91 covers.