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I was under the impression GWP (global-warming potential) is the measure of a gas' impact on global warming, in comparison with CO2.

E.g. methane has a GWP of 86 over 20 years - Wikipedia

Comparing paper and ceramic cups for GWP, this article (page 24) shows GWP in kilograms. Does this make sense to show GWP in kg? Can anyone explain why?

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It's a cosmetic issue. They're just using the language in an idiosyncratic way.

What this particular document means by "GWP" on page 24 is simply the amount of CO2-equivalent emissions.

Normally that would just be labelled kgCO2e or tCO2e for kilogrammes or tonnes of emissions respectively.

Earlier in the same document, they'd used GWP to refer to carbon intensity rates, e.g. on page 16 the global warming potential is given in units of kg CO2-eq./cup - the emissions rate per cup. Again, that's not really GWP, but what I've seen more commonly called the carbon intensity.

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